{"id":6025,"date":"2014-08-26T09:44:45","date_gmt":"2014-08-26T01:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?p=6025"},"modified":"2014-08-31T15:49:54","modified_gmt":"2014-08-31T07:49:54","slug":"archaeological-heritage-of-the-lenggong-valley","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?p=6025","title":{"rendered":"Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In May the Taiping Heritage society has organised a trip to the Lenggong valley, see my blog\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?p=5678\">THS excursion<\/a>\u00a0. Last week THS organised a members night and they had asked me to give a talk about\u00a0the trip. Preparing for my talk, I \u00a0collected a lot of information from the Internet, but I had not enough time to present everything\u00a0in my talk&#8230;:-) That is the reason for this post.<\/p>\n<p>In 2012 the Lenggong valley was declared a Unesco world heritage site, because of the many archaeological\u00a0discoveries made during\u00a0the last decades. Most notably, the discovery in 1991 of the Perak Man, a well\u00a0preserved skeleton, dating back to ~ 11.000 BP\u00a0where BP\u00a0stands for <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Before_Present\">Before Present<\/a> and\u00a0Present is defined as 1-1-1950. In Geology and Archaeology \u00a0BP has replaced BC (Before Christ) and\u00a0the politically correct BCE (Before Common Era)<\/p>\n<p>Here is a GE map of the Lenggong region with the location of the various\u00a0archaeological sites (click to enlarge).\u00a0The mighty Perak river is clearly visible. The green track is from a trip made in 2007 with my friend Liz Price, <a href=\"http:\/\/stuif.com\/multiply\/page.php?album_nr=38&amp;owner=janstu\">Caves and Waterfalls<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Map.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6029\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6029\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Map.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"701,883\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Jan&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1408818203&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Google Earth Map\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Map-238x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Map.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-6029\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Map.jpg\" alt=\"Google Earth Map\" width=\"348\" height=\"436\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Some comments about the various locations.<\/p>\n<p>The skeleton of the<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenggong#Perak_Man\"> Perak Man<\/a> has been found in the Gua Gunung Runtuh. It is now exhibited in the Lenggong Museum. The Gunung Runtuh cave is at the moment\u00a0closed to the public, but in 2007 we could still enter the cave after a steep climb..:-) \u00a0The skeleton was originally surrounded by grave gifts, in the museum now it is surrounded by high-tech gadgets to control humidity, etc!<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 25%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div data-carousel-extra='{\"blog_id\":1,\"permalink\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stuif.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=6025\"}' id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-6025 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6036'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Gua-Gunung-Runtuh-120x120.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6036\" data-attachment-id=\"6036\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6036\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Gua-Gunung-Runtuh.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"641,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.7&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa 2.6&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot S3 IS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1182872940&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.033333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Gua Gunung Runtuh\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Steep climb up&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Gua-Gunung-Runtuh-240x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Gua-Gunung-Runtuh.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6036'>\n\t\t\t\tSteep climb up\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6035'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Entrance-120x120.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6035\" data-attachment-id=\"6035\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6035\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Entrance.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"639,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.7&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa 2.6&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot S3 IS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1182874364&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;7.2&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Entrance\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The cave entrance&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Entrance-239x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Entrance.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6035'>\n\t\t\t\tThe cave entrance\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6037'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Inside-120x120.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6037\" data-attachment-id=\"6037\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6037\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Inside.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,534\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa 2.6&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot A710 IS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1182873353&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.8&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Inside\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Where Perak Man was found&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Inside-300x200.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Inside.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6037'>\n\t\t\t\tWhere Perak Man was found\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6034'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-P5252624-120x120.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6034\" data-attachment-id=\"6034\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6034\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-P5252624.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,601\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;TG-2&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1401014554&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.5&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.05&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;His present location in the museum&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-P5252624-300x225.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-P5252624.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6034'>\n\t\t\t\tHis present location in the museum\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>In 2004 another skeleton has been found in the nearby Gua Teluk\u00a0Kelawar, now called the Perak Woman, dated ~ 8000 BP. I will\u00a0not be surprised if more discoveries will be made in the future. Because it is clear that this region\u00a0around the Perak river has been very suitable for human habitation throughout the ages! Limestone caves for shelter, a river (in the past a lake) nearby, etc<\/p>\n<p>The other archaeological sites in the Lenggong valley have until now only shown evidence of human activity in the form of tools and &#8220;tool shops&#8221;, where these tools were manufactured.<\/p>\n<p>The oldest of these sites is Bukit Jawa,\u00a0\u00a0a <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paleolithic\">palaeolithic<\/a> tool workshop site on the shores of an island in a lake now long ago\u00a0disappeared. About 200.000-300.000 years ago. Who made those tools? This is before our species, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anatomically_modern_humans\">Homo Sapiens sapiens<\/a>, started the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans\">emigration out of Africa<\/a>. We will only know when fossil remains of <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hominini\">hominins<\/a> are found. We visited Bukit Jawa in 2007, there is not much to see.<a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4424.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6042\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6042\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4424.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot S3 IS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1182878160&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.01&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bukit Jawa\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4424-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4424.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6042\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4424.jpg\" alt=\"Bukit Jawa\" width=\"252\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4424.jpg 800w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4424-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4424-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 252px) 100vw, 252px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4425.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6043\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6043\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4425.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.7&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot S3 IS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1182878243&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.02&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Bukit Jawa\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4425-300x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4425.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-6043\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4425.jpg\" alt=\"Bukit Jawa\" width=\"248\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4425.jpg 800w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4425-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4425-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 248px) 100vw, 248px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The toolshops at <a href=\"http:\/\/lenggong.heritage.gov.my\/index.php\/important-sites\/kota-tampan-2\">Kota Tampan<\/a> are younger, about 70.000 year\u00a0old. Also here no fossils of human remains have been found, but it is quite possible that the people making these tools, belonged to our species (see below). Activity in these workshops came to an abrupt end when the Toba volcano erupted, Kota Tampan tools have been found covered wit the thick layers of ash. At the Kota Tampan location the Lenggong Museum has been built.<\/p>\n<p>Next in age are the toolshops at <a href=\"http:\/\/lenggong.heritage.gov.my\/index.php\/important-sites\/bukit-bunuh2\">Bukit Bunuh<\/a>,\u00a0about 40.000 years\u00a0old.\u00a0Followed by the two caves where the Perak Man and Woman were found.<\/p>\n<p>Much younger, about 4000-3000 BP are the graves found in <a href=\"http:\/\/lenggong.heritage.gov.my\/index.php\/important-sites\/gua-harimau2\">Gua Harimau<\/a>. And in the nearby Gua Badak, rock paintings have been found, made by the Negrito Orang Asli. Very recent, maybe only 100 year old. But interesting as rock paintings are rare in Malaysia<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 25%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div data-carousel-extra='{\"blog_id\":1,\"permalink\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stuif.com\\\/blog\\\/?p=6025\"}' id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-6025 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6045'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4392-120x120.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"6045\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6045\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4392.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot S3 IS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1182869169&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.01&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Gua Badak\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4392-225x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4392.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6046'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4394-120x120.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"6046\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6046\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4394.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;3.2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot S3 IS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1182869294&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;8.3&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.025&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Gua Badak\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4394-300x225.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4394.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6047'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4395-120x120.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"6047\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6047\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4395.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;3.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot S3 IS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1182869350&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;20.7&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Gua Badak\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4395-300x225.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4395.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6048'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4401-120x120.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"6048\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6048\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4401.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,601\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;3.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot S3 IS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1182869659&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;12.9&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Gua Badak\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4401-300x225.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/1-IMG_4401.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Altogether an impressive collection of archaeological sites, hopefully they will be preserved well after being declared a World Heritage Site.<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">Human migration, Out of Sundaland ?<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>It is about 200.000 years ago that our species, homo sapiens sapiens evolved in Africa. All\u00a0humans, living these days, have a common ancestor, both in the maternal line (<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitochondrial_Eve\">Mitochondrial Eve<\/a>) and the paternal one (<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Y-chromosomal_Adam\">Y-chromosomal Adam<\/a>).\u00a0Between 95.000 and 75.000 year ago one of their descendants (<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurasian_Adam\">Eurasian Adam<\/a>), started to migrate to Europa and Asia. By analysing the mutations in the DNA of the Y-chromosome of present humans, it is possible to get an idea about the migration route followed by the\u00a0ancestors.<\/p>\n<p>A few years ago both Aric and I had our DNA analysed (by the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genographic_Project\">Genographic Project<\/a>). Here is the route followed by our (paternal) ancestor. Our routes split about 35.000 year ago, in what is now called Tajikistan. My line developing into a Caucasian, Aric&#8217;s line into a Chinese&#8230;:-)\u00a0See my blog\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?cat=9\">My ancestors<\/a>\u00a0for more information about this fascinating topic. <a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Our-ancestors1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6053\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6053\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Our-ancestors1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"460,442\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Jan&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1332911270&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Our ancestor\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Our-ancestors1-300x288.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Our-ancestors1.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-6053\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Our-ancestors1.jpg\" alt=\"Our ancestor\" width=\"343\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Our-ancestors1.jpg 460w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Our-ancestors1-300x288.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Our-ancestors1-312x300.jpg 312w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>What has this to do with Lenggong, you may ask. Well, the theory of human migration is still a developing theory, with many variations. In the prevalent version, humans migrated to South East\u00a0Asia from\u00a0around Taiwan,\u00a0going south. An alternative option is that \u00a0the migrants followed more or less the coastal line, via India, arriving in Sundaland, from there spreading in northern direction<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/migration.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6054\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6054\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/migration.png\" data-orig-size=\"597,409\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"migration\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/migration-300x205.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/migration.png\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-6054\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/migration.png\" alt=\"migration\" width=\"343\" height=\"237\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sundaland? Yes, in the period we are talking about, the world was in what is called the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ice_age#Major_ice_ages\">Ice Age<\/a>. The huge amount of ice covering the Arctic and Antarctic resulted in\u00a0very low sea levels, more than 100 meter lower than nowadays. Present day\u00a0Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia formed one land mass, called Sundaland <a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Sundaland.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6055\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6055\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Sundaland.png\" data-orig-size=\"538,334\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sundaland\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Sundaland-300x186.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Sundaland.png\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-6055\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Sundaland.png\" alt=\"Sundaland\" width=\"350\" height=\"220\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the map above, the location of the Toba eruption is indicated. This dismal eruption and the following <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volcanic_winter\">volcanic winter<\/a> may have had a dramatic effect on the still very small global homo sapiens population, killing most of them\u00a0and causing what is called\u00a0a <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Population_bottleneck#Humans\">genetic bottleneck <\/a>It is estimated that\u00a0the global population of our species at that time was no more\u00a0\u00a0than 10.000 &#8211; 20.000! It certainly stopped the operation of the Kota Tampan tool shops. But the people living there may have survived in small numbers, because the prevailing winds were westwards. Could it be that after the Toba eruption, further migration took place out of Sundaland?<\/p>\n<p>A fascinating, though rather controversial theory, proposed\u00a0by the British geneticist <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_Oppenheimer#Eden_in_the_East\">Stephen Oppenheime<\/a>r. No surprise that <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usm.my\/index.php\/en\/\">USM<\/a>, responsible for much of the archealogical research in the Lenggong valley, is quite happy with this theory. <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #00ff00;\">Malaysia as the cradle of humanity!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">A meteorite impact at Bukit Bunuh<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>In 2009 USM announced a spectacular discovery at\u00a0\u00a0Bukit Bunuh. At this location many boulders\u00a0were found of a very special material, called <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suevite\">suevite<\/a>. Suevite can be formed when a meteorite collides with the earth.\u00a0The ages of these rocks, using <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fission_track_dating\">fission track dating<\/a>,\u00a0has been determined as 1.8\u00a0\u00b1 0.6 million year. There are indications of circular craters in the Bukit Bunuh region, so it could well be that between 1.2 and 2.4\u00a0million year ago a meteorite has hit here. In itself already an interesting discovery. It became spectacular when in 2007 a hand-axe was found, embedded in a suevite boulder. Meaning that\u00a0around the time of impact, 1.8 million year ago,\u00a0hominins were already living at Bukit Bunuh! Here is a newspaper article about the discovery: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thestar.com.my\/story\/?file=%2f2009%2f1%2f30%2fnation%2f3156465\">Early axes found in Perak<\/a>. The picture shows\u00a0\u00a0Dr Mokhtar Saidin, holding up the axe. <a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Prof-Mokhtar.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6066\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6066\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Prof-Mokhtar.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"250,382\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Prof Mokhtar\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Prof-Mokhtar-196x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Prof-Mokhtar.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6066\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Prof-Mokhtar.jpg\" alt=\"Prof Mokhtar\" width=\"250\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Prof-Mokhtar.jpg 250w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Prof-Mokhtar-196x300.jpg 196w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>After\u00a0the jubilant\u00a0announcement in the media, now already five years ago, it has become disturbingly\u00a0quiet. I have not been able to find any reference on the Internet to\u00a0a scientific publication in a peer-reviewed journal.\u00a0The meteorite impact was supposed to be registered at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.passc.net\/EarthImpactDatabase\/\">Earth Impact Database<\/a>, but that too has not yet\u00a0happened. In interviews\u00a0an age of\u00a01.83 million year is mentioned, without giving the error margin of 0.6 million year, which is scientifically bad practice. Here is a typical example:<a href=\"http:\/\/kugantharan.com\/interview-with-dr-mokhtar-saidin-on-bukit-bunuh-the-discover-of-an-important-paleolithic-site\/\">\u00a0Interview with Dr. Mokhtar Saidin<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Honestly, I have my doubts. Here are a few more links, in case you are interested<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/edition.presstv.ir\/detail\/167388.html\">Bukit Bunuh, oldest Paleolithic site<\/a>\u00a0, quote:\u00a0\u00a0\u201c<em>There should be on-going research to get a true picture of the people who settled in this area since 1.83 million years ago and this can change several theories about the Paleolithic people such as the nomadic theory and movement of prehistoric man.<\/em>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.researchsea.com\/html\/article.php\/aid\/3937\/cid\/6\/research\/usm_archaeological_discovery_can_change_world_history.html?PHPSESSID=b8204aec6f223e9ca02c1eae347bf168\">USM Discovers Concrete Evidence That Can Chance (sic!) The History Of Early Man<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In May the Taiping Heritage society has organised a trip to the Lenggong valley, see my blog\u00a0THS excursion\u00a0. Last week THS organised a members night and they had asked me to give a talk about\u00a0the trip. Preparing for my talk, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?p=6025\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[48,18,3,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","category-culture","category-malaysia","category-taiping"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2LqIR-1zb","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6025"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6025\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6082,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6025\/revisions\/6082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}