{"id":6895,"date":"2014-12-23T22:24:26","date_gmt":"2014-12-23T14:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?p=6895"},"modified":"2014-12-23T22:24:26","modified_gmt":"2014-12-23T14:24:26","slug":"of-bacteria-and-men","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?p=6895","title":{"rendered":"Of Bacteria and Men"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>My recent <a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?p=4775\">Tree of Life<\/a> post described how all living creatures share a common ancestor. Both Homo Sapiens and the E. Coli bacterium in his bowels belong to the same &#8220;extended&#8221; family!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Leonardo-da-Vinci-Vitruvian-Man.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6902\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6902\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Leonardo-da-Vinci-Vitruvian-Man.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Leonardo-da-Vinci-Vitruvian-Man\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Leonardo-da-Vinci-Vitruvian-Man-300x225.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Leonardo-da-Vinci-Vitruvian-Man.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6902\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Leonardo-da-Vinci-Vitruvian-Man.jpg\" alt=\"Leonardo-da-Vinci-Vitruvian-Man\" width=\"246\" height=\"187\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2_jpg35416396-ead4-4bc6-9cb4-3632839dad1cLarger.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6900\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6900\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2_jpg35416396-ead4-4bc6-9cb4-3632839dad1cLarger.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,450\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"2_jpg35416396-ead4-4bc6-9cb4-3632839dad1cLarger\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2_jpg35416396-ead4-4bc6-9cb4-3632839dad1cLarger-300x225.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2_jpg35416396-ead4-4bc6-9cb4-3632839dad1cLarger.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-6900\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2_jpg35416396-ead4-4bc6-9cb4-3632839dad1cLarger.jpg\" alt=\"2_jpg35416396-ead4-4bc6-9cb4-3632839dad1cLarger\" width=\"250\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2_jpg35416396-ead4-4bc6-9cb4-3632839dad1cLarger.jpg 600w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2_jpg35416396-ead4-4bc6-9cb4-3632839dad1cLarger-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2_jpg35416396-ead4-4bc6-9cb4-3632839dad1cLarger-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In that post I promised to write another blog\u00a0about bacteria and the human body. Here it is..:-)<\/p>\n<p>We humans are multi-cellular organisms consisting of roughly <span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">10 trillion<\/span> cells. For those not familiar with the naming of big numbers, one trillion\u00a0=\u00a01000 billion = 1000000 million. And for comparison, the global human population is at the moment ~ <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/world-population\/\">7.3 billion<\/a>, so there are ~ 1500 times more cells in your body than there are people living on our planet.<\/p>\n<p>Bacteria are single-cell organisms. How many bacteria do we have in and on our body? A staggering <span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">100 trillion<\/span>, 10 times as many as we have body cells! They can be found on our skin, on our teeth, basically everywhere, but most of them live in our bowels, the so-called <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gut_flora\">gut flora<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0The size of these bacteria is roughly 10\u00a0times smaller than an average human body cell, \u00a0their total mass is estimated to be 1-2 % of our body mass. Mind you, that is still a lot, <span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">about 1 kg of your body mass\u00a0is bacterial!.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Probably you will have been\u00a0taught that <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">bacteria are bad and dangerous<\/span>. Wash your hands, keep everything clean, etc. And of course there are bacteria that can harm you, even kill you. But most of the bacteria in\/on your body are harmless and many are even needed for your survival. <span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">You would die without your gut flora!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Here are a few \u00a0things your gut flora will do for you:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The bacteria will do part of the digestion and help forming your stool<\/li>\n<li>They are important to build your immune system and keep it in good order<\/li>\n<li>They will fight harmful (pathogen) bacteria<\/li>\n<li>They are needed for the production of Vitamin-K<\/li>\n<li>Etc, etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Together, all of the bacteria in the body would be the size of a large liver, and in many ways, scientists say, this <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microbiome\">microbiome<\/a> (as the whole community of microorganisms in our body is often called) behaves as another organ in the human body: the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.i-sis.org.uk\/The_Forgotten_Organ_The_Human_Microbiota.php\">Forgotten Organ<\/a>&#8230;:-)<\/p>\n<p>As the importance of our \u00a0microbiome has been recognised more and more in the last decades, some\u00a0scientists nowadays consider us as <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superorganism\">superorganisms\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0or see us as an\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.the-scientist.com\/?articles.view\/articleNo\/40600\/title\/The-Body-s-Ecosystem\/\">ecosystem<\/a>!<\/p>\n<p>Or, as a microbiologist\u00a0recently formulated it, in a rather extreme way: &#8220;<span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">we would do well to begin regarding the human body as \u201can elaborate vessel optimized for the growth and spread of our microbial inhabitants.<\/span>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A project of the US National Institute of Health, the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_Microbiome_Project\">Human Microbiome Project<\/a>\u00a0has been researching the human microbiome. Here is a survey of what they found\u00a0(click on the picture to\u00a0see details).The various parts of our body have different\u00a0bacterial communities.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hmptree13_nl_bb.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6913\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6913\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hmptree13_nl_bb.png\" data-orig-size=\"900,765\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"HMB project\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hmptree13_nl_bb-300x255.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hmptree13_nl_bb.png\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-6913\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hmptree13_nl_bb.png\" alt=\"HMB project\" width=\"763\" height=\"652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hmptree13_nl_bb-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hmptree13_nl_bb-352x300.png 352w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 763px) 100vw, 763px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>What about a baby, is it born with a gut flora? No, the womb is sterile (although maybe <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/08\/29\/science\/human-microbiome-may-be-seeded-before-birth.html?_r=0\">not 100%<\/a>). But as soon as the baby has left the mother, the bacterial invasion begins and within days the gut flora is there. Essential to build the immune system of the baby!<\/p>\n<p>Interesting detail: the composition of the gut flora is different for Vaginal delivery and Caesarean section delivery. Now it\u00a0is well known that babies delivered by Caearean section run a higher risk of asthma, allergies and several other health risks, because of the\u00a0different gut flora. Here is <a href=\"http:\/\/commonhealth.wbur.org\/2014\/06\/birth-canal-bacteria-c-section\">an interesting solution<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/gut-flora.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6926\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6926\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/gut-flora.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"620,334\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"gut flora\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/gut-flora-300x161.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/gut-flora.jpeg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6926\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/gut-flora.jpeg\" alt=\"gut flora\" width=\"620\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/gut-flora.jpeg 620w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/gut-flora-300x161.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/gut-flora-500x269.jpeg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Can you believe it&#8230;:-)? It is true.<\/p>\n<p>What about this. The\u00a0Clostridium difficile bacteria is a common bacteria in soil, but can also live in\u00a0your bowels. Pathogenic strains of this bacteria\u00a0can cause diarrhea and inflammation of the colon,\u00a0especially when the normal gut flora has been damaged\u00a0by antibiotic treatment. The bacteria itself is resistant against most antibiotics, so it takes over the gut flora. Here is a picture of the bacteria.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/clostrdiff.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6931\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=6931\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/clostrdiff.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"448,314\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"clostrdiff\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/clostrdiff-300x210.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/clostrdiff.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6931\" src=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/clostrdiff.jpg\" alt=\"clostrdiff\" width=\"305\" height=\"217\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Infection with C. Difficile can be life-threatening, it kills approximately 14000 people yearly in the USA.<\/p>\n<p>A promising\u00a0solution? \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clostridium_difficile_colitis#Stool_transplant\">Fecal transplantation therapy<\/a>. Or, in common English: <span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">Stool transplant<\/span>! Take some of the feces of a healthy donor and put\u00a0it in the colon of the patient. It often works!!<\/p>\n<p>The bacteria in the stool are able to restore the balance in the compromised gut flora of the patient.<\/p>\n<p>Can you believe it&#8230;:-)? It is true. Here are some success stories: <a href=\"http:\/\/thepowerofpoop.com\/\">The Power of Poop<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>My recent Tree of Life post described how all living creatures share a common ancestor. Both Homo Sapiens and the E. Coli bacterium in his bowels belong to the same &#8220;extended&#8221; family! In that post I promised to write another &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/?p=6895\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[50,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","category-science"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2LqIR-1Nd","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6895"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6935,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6895\/revisions\/6935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stuif.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}